A Muslim-majority region can be governed by a Hindu monarch—Kashmir, for example, was over 90% Muslim yet ruled by Hindu Dogra kings. Muslim-majority Punjab was under the Sikh Empire, and Sindh under the Marathas. A Hindu authoritarian regime wouldn’t need to rely on Muslim vote banks. China, for instance, has been reshaping the Muslim identity of Xinjiang through a slow and systematic process. By placing Muslims in re-education camps, the Chinese Communist Party is turning them into productive citizens.