Kaveri aint 4th gen its at best 3.5. KDE and its derivative shall be 4 and 4.5. Main issue was they tried to design engine around aircraft Tejas. World around its opposite. You design aircraft around engines. Thus consequently GTRE had tight margins to work with. This design was first conceived at a time when GTRE did not really have access to proper computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools or could refer to substantial legacy wind-tunnel studies.Can someone explain me why the hell is Kaveri Bypass ratio so small compared to other 4th gen and 5th gen engines?