The "Great Game" refers to the 19th-century geopolitical rivalry between the British and Russian empires for influence and control in Central Asia, particularly in regions like Afghanistan, Persia, and the areas around the Indian subcontinent. The term was popularized by Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim and encapsulates the strategic maneuvering, espionage, and proxy conflicts as both powers sought to expand their empires and secure their interests.
Key aspects:
- Time Period: Roughly 1813 to 1907, ending with the Anglo-Russian Convention.
- Objective: Britain aimed to protect its Indian colony from Russian expansion, while Russia sought access to warm-water ports and influence in Central Asia.
- Methods: Diplomacy, military expeditions, intelligence operations, and influence over local rulers.
- Key Regions: Afghanistan, Persia (Iran), Tibet, and the Central Asian khanates (e.g., Bukhara, Khiva).
- Outcome: The rivalry eased with the 1907 agreement, which defined spheres of influence, though tensions persisted.